Army of None Essay Example

Armed force of None Essay Example Armed force of None Essay Armed force of None Essay al BCOM/275 Armed force of None June 4, 2012 Spotters lie. Concurring the New York Times, almost one of five United States Army spotters was under scrutiny in 2004 for offenses changing from dangers and intimidation to bogus guarantees that candidates would not be sent to Iraq. One veteran enrollment specialist told a journalist for the Albany Times Union, Iâ„ ¢ve been enlisting for quite a long time, and I donâ„ ¢t know one selection representative who wasnâ„ ¢t deceptive about it. I did it without anyone else's help. (counterrecruiter.wordpress.com) The military agreement ensures nothing. The Department of Defenseâ„ ¢s own enrollment/re-selection record states, Laws and guidelines that administer military faculty may change without notice to me. Such changes may influence my status, pay remittances, advantages and duties as an individual from the Armed Forces REGARDLESS of the arrangements of this selection/re-enrollment archive (DD Form4/1, 1998, Sec.9.5b). Promoted marking rewards are counterfeit. Rewards are frequently thought of as blessings, yet theyâ„ ¢re not. Theyâ„ ¢re like advances: If an enlistee leaves the military before their concurred term of administration, the person in question will be compelled to reimburse the reward. In addition, Army information shows that the top reward of $20,000 was given to just 6 percent of the 47, 7272 enlistees who pursued well-trained. (counterrecruiter.wordpress.com) What cash is for school $71,424 is it in the bank If you anticipate that the military should pay for school, better read the fine print. Among initiates who pursue the Montgomery GI Bill, 65 percent get no cash for school, and just 15 percent ever get a higher education. The most extreme Montgomery GI Bill advantage is $37,224, and even this 37K is difficult to get: To go along with, you should initially place in a nonrefundable $1,200 store that must be paid to the military during the main year of administration. To get the $37K, you should likewise be a well-trained part who has finished in any event a three-year administration understanding and is going to a four-year school full time. Advantages are fundamentally lower on the off chance that you are going to class low maintenance or going to a two-year school. On the off chance that you get a not exactly respectable release (as one of every four do), leave the military right on time (as one out of three do), or later choose not t o set off for college, the military will keep your store and give you nothing. Note: The $71,424 publicized by the Army and $86,000 by the Navy incorporates profits by the Amy or Navy College Fund, individually. Less than 10 percent of all enlisted people gain cash from the Army College Fund, which is explicitly intended to draw initiates into hard-to-fill positions. (counterrecruiter.wordpress.com) Never been an enrollment specialist however I have served in the Army for a long time. I utilized my GI Bill advantages to pay towards my degree thus have different innumerable different officers. Most advantages are ensured to you and the terms of how the cash is paid are right away. For anybody to stay here and state most of individuals never get their advantages is bogus. The main way you donâ„ ¢t get the advantages is deciding to not utilize them or have a released under not exactly decent conditions. The activity you pick when you enroll is the activity you train for. Never met anybody in the Army who didnâ„ ¢t get the preparation for the activity they pick itâ„ ¢s recorded as a hard copy on an agreement thatâ„ ¢s authoritative. It seems like this site has its own issues with discarding realities and exaggerating. Not certain when 47, 7272 enlistees joined, yet somebody needs to check their information. We are discussing genuine life issues. The Army has not had 47,000 individuals joining for a long time. All administrations (hold included) have not had 47,000 participate in a solitary year ever. One of every four enlistees getting out with not exactly respectable isn't correct. One out of three getting out early included individuals getting out setting off for college or going to West Point just as changing to another assistance, yet this is still totally bogus. In conclusion, this is the basically the most inadequately arranged website page I have ever visited. Much thanks to you for your time, and Iâ„ ¢m glad to serve my nation to keep giving you the option to cry about it. Referenceâ„ ¢s 1. (Web from 11/22/11) http://counterrecruiter.wordpress.com

Genetic Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind Free Essays

Hereditary ENGINEERING IS BENEFICIAL TO MANKIND We, Homo sapiens (and each other life form on the planet), become what we are based on the qualities we acquire from our folks at the hour of our introduction to the world. Regardless of whether you are tall, short, dim, dim or reasonable, have extraordinary hair, great wellbeing †everything relies upon these qualities. Prior these qualities were accepted to be ‘tamper proof’ and they couldn't be controlled. We will compose a custom article test on Hereditary Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Yet, the human mind and contemporary science doesn't consider anything as incomprehensible. Accordingly, we thought of an idea called hereditary building. Hereditary building alludes to the procedure of legitimately handling an organism’s qualities. Atomic cloning and change is utilized in hereditary building for changing the structure and nature of qualities. This innovation has realized an ocean change in cultivating and in human hereditary qualities. GE in Human itself The first and one of the most conspicuous hereditary designing stars is that hereditary issue can be forestalled by distinguishing those qualities which cause these illnesses in individuals. The utilization of hereditary building to forestall maladies is called quality treatment. This can be very beneficial particularly when ladies screen their unborn children for hereditary deformities. On the off chance that quite possibly the infant can have hereditary deformities, it can set up the mother and the specialists when the infant conveyed. In cutting edge cases, those difficult qualities can be amended. Notwithstanding that, irresistible infections can be controlled and viably managed by embedding qualities which code for the antiviral proteins specific to every antigen. People can be created or shaped to reflect alluring attributes. It is being stated, hypothetically however that this procedure can definitely change human genomes. This would encourage in helping individuals regrow their appendages and different organs. Also, individuals can be made more grounded, quicker and more intelligent, by utilizing hereditary building later on. In different cases, if a quality exists in nature which can be useful for people, it very well may be ingested in human cells. Before long a chance of human cloning with the assistance of human hereditary qualities can't be precluded. GE in creatures Plants and creatures can be hereditarily built to make items valuable for us. The extraordinary case of this is journal creatures. Sheep, goats and cows produce a great deal of milk. Researcher found that the declaration of qualities for the significant milk proteins is heavily influenced by an advertiser. This advertiser is an arrangement of DNA that makes the neighboring qualities be communicated in the mammary organ. It is known as the lactoglobulin advertiser. This sets up an extremely decent open door for utilizing hereditary designing. You could take the quality you need communicated in milk and put it into a DNA vector. At that point you put this vector into a sheep egg cell. On the off chance that you do this, the egg would then be able to be created in the lab for several days until it turns into an undeveloped organism. You can embed the undeveloped organism into a mother and the posterity that are conceived are sheep that would make milk which contains this additional protein. This was in reality behind the explanation behind cloning Dolly the sheep. GE in Plants can be hereditarily designed to make valuable items. Hereditarily building a plant is significantly simpler than creatures. We don’t need to infuse into the treated egg of a plant. We can take any plant cell developed in a research facility, put the vector in, and afterward develop the plant up from that cell. In agribusiness, also start off with various yields, hereditary building can come full circle in adjustment of the DNA structure of the first harvest. This will build the development pace of the plant alongside its insusceptibility, and obstruction towards sicknesses brought about by pathogens and parasites. These variables thusly will be among the most significant advantages of hereditary designing with regards to crops. These hereditarily adjusted nourishments could build the food assets to fulfill everyone’s hunger. This would be finished by hereditarily altered yields for better profitability. These harvests could be hereditarily altered to oppose bothers, battle bacterial and parasitic contaminations or have incredible dietary benefit. These are only a couple of advantages of hereditary building. I’m sure more are coming later on, as we find increasingly more about qualities and proteins. Step by step instructions to refer to Genetic Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind, Essay models

What is Work-Life Balance Anyway

What is Work-Life Balance Anyway Work-Life Balance is one of those concepts that was assumed to be valuable up until recent years, when many people are turning the concept on its head and saying “work-life” balance is really about LIFE balance. While I agree to some extent, I don’t see the reason to toss out the concept of work-life balance altogether. To me, work-life balance is a moment-by-moment experience. I have chosen to own my own business because I have certain things I want in my life: the ability to work remotely so I can visit family and not take “vacation days”; the option to do yoga or go for a swim in the middle of the day; and the flexibility to work early in the morning or late at night. These things might not be non-negotiable, but they are important to me. For me, they create “work-life balance” or just plain “life balance.” Of course they also create challenges for maintaining that balance when things get busy in the business and threaten to infringe upon my “me” time. You might be examining for yourself what constitutes work-life balance or any sort of balance as you move toward a new job, your first job out of college, getting into college, or any other venture. Are you interested in creating a life where you work less than 40 hours per week, are not stressed out constantly, are fulfilled and have fun? If so, you have a lot of company! I don’t often write blogs based on infographics, but I found this oneâ€"Careers with Great Work-Life Balanceâ€"to be enlightening. I realize that work-life balance is just one aspect of balance; you can have the right amount of time at work vs. personal life, but then get out of balance taking care of others in your personal life when you need to be taking better care of yourself! Or you can run into challenges in your work life itself in finding balance with the types of activities you do or relationships you create. Nevertheless, here are some of the main points to consider when planning for your quality of life in relation to your work: Flexibility at Work Nine out of 10 Americans feel that their current jobs don’t afford them enough time to attend to their family’s needs: a major indicator that they do not have work-life balance. Furthermore, half of these employees believe that if they were allowed more flexibility in their jobsâ€"with work hours, vacation days, clock management, etc.â€"they’d be able to perform their jobs better. Flexible schedules, in fact, have become so much in demand that the U.S. Department of Labor has devoted a whole page and many articles to the topic. Consider the things that are most important to you in terms of your working hours. Does your career path provide the flexibility you desire? Are you getting to spend enough time with your family? Can you take the vacations you want to take? Can you work from home when necessary? If you are seeking to change careers, or change the structure of your current work life, it will help to know what you want in terms of schedule flexibility so you can create a structure that provides the work-life balance you need. What are the Indicators of Successful Work-Life Balance? According to the OECD Better Life Index, an organization dedicated to promoting policies that improve economic and social well-being, popular indicators of successful work-life balance include: Total hours worked per week Time devoted to leisure Average pay Growth potential Flexibility Stress Are these barometers of work-life balance important to you? Will considering these factors change the way you pursue your education, your next career, or how you conduct your job search? Perhaps it will be informative to check out the jobs listed in the infographic that make top honors. You might be surprised by some of them! Creating Successful Work-Life Balance is up to You What constitutes work-life balance is subjective: what is most important to you in your work and personal life may be completely different from what matters to your friends, family or even colleagues. So define the non-negotiables in your life, then do your best to create a career path that meets your unique definition of balance. I for one can tell you it’s a constant challenge!

Essay Gangs in America - 1777 Words

Gangs in America 06-06-09 Gangs in America It is estimated that there are roughly 24,000 gangs in America today. There are 750,000 stated gang members. Gangs are taking over our youth and our county. In 1996 50% of all gang members were juveniles. Twelve years later that percentage has not changed. Gang violence is on the rise and it has to stop. We have to take back our streets and our children. The history of gangs goes back to biblical times. Gangs have always caused social issue and unlawfulness. The history of gangs in America leads back to the colonization of this country. Immigrants came over here from Europe with little or no money. The money that they didhave ran out quickly. Poverty caused and fueled illnessand†¦show more content†¦The new member is often given several guns and is driven to a location where other gang member might be. The new member then shoots at the others hoping to kill them while the car is still moving and then speeds away. This is known as a drive by. With the new ga ng member now being part of a felony and facing major prison time if caught the new member of the gang should now be fully loyal to their new gang. (Gangs in Arizona, 2006) Gang violence and nuisancehas got to be addressed. Many different cities are trying new tactics to deal with their own gang problems. The most recent tactic that major cities are using is to cite gang members with civil infractions for anything and everything that can be used against them. This new method, which started in Fort Worth Texas and San Francisco California, has both its upsides and itsdownsides. To go after known gang members the cities make the members abide by strict rules that include limiting their group size to no more than two, restricting the colors of clothing that they wear, and giving them a strict curfew. Gang members that do not abide these rules are arrested and or ticketed. This new method of over policinggang members has cut down on gang activity in these cities but has only caused gang members to move to the cities suburbs. There are also complaints that this new method is a form of harassment on America’s minority youth. Civil liberty violations have also beenShow MoreRelated Gangs in America Essay2039 Words   |  9 PagesGangs are very dangerous to everyone in society. â€Å"Gangs are groups of people (mostly young males) who band together for protection and a sense of belonging. The U.S. Department of Justice officially defines a youth gang as a group of young people involved in criminal activity† (Gangs 1). There are about one million gang members in more than 20,00 criminally active gangs in the United States. Also, that group of about one million people, are accountable for up to eighty percent of our nation’s crimesRead MoreEssay on Gangs in America787 Words   |  4 PagesChoose a law enforcement agency. Detail that agencys plan of action to combat the violence of a particular gang. List real world examples. Discuss what is currently being done to combat drug violence, and describe the effectiveness of these tactics. U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, orRead MoreSummary Of Policing Gangs In America1318 Words   |  6 PagesPolicing Gangs in America Ryne Kisslan October 7, 2017 Gangs Professor Nuno In Policing Gangs in America, Charles Katz and Vincent Webb describes every issue in American Gangs today. The ultimate goal of this book is how the gang officers work and the different kind of atmosphere they work in. Their job isn’t like other law enforcement jobs. It’s one of the more dangerous occupation in the Criminal Justice system. These gang officers focus on how they react to public gang issues.Read MoreGangs are Corrupting the Streets of America591 Words   |  2 PagesGangs in the United States have increased rapidly, and are becoming more violent and deadly than ever. There are deaths of innocent, young, and gang affiliated people dying each year. This everyday occurrence brings moral and heart felt emotions to these death tragedies. These gangs are corrupting our streets and neighborhoods of America, which is something that is needed to be stopped. All members get introduced and jumped in for a reason, a reason of family, trust, acceptance, and respect w hichRead More The Gang Issue of America Essay2255 Words   |  10 Pages Gangs are very dangerous to everyone in society. â€Å"Gangs are groups of people (mostly young males) who band together for protection and a sense of belonging. The U.S. Department of Justice officially defines a youth gang as a group of young people involved in criminal activity† (Gangs 1). About one million gang members are in more than 20,000 criminally active gangs in the United States. Also, that group of about one million people is accountable for up to eighty percent of our nation’s crimes. SinceRead MoreStreet Gangs : Americas Growing Problem1056 Words   |  5 PagesStreet Gangs: Americas’ Growing Problem Gangs have increasingly become a serious problem over the past few decades. A report from the FBI’s 2011 National Gang threat assessment states that there are 1.4 million active gang members comprising of more than 33,000 gangs in the United States. This growth migration of gangs has had a negative effect on our youth. Gang violence causes fear and changes how kids behave in school. In a poll of 2,000 teenagers, â€Å"the respondents reported that their fearsRead MoreGirl Gangs and the Female Crime Wave in America Essay6758 Words   |  28 PagesStarting in the 1980s, reports of female involvement in gangs, drug sales, and violence began to surface as a serious problem in America. To support claims of increased female delinquency, reporters and scholars often cite crime statistics or anecdotes from field studies. The reasons they give to explain this female crime wave generally fall into one of two categories: drugs as a means for economic success the idea that the increased availability of crack cocaine provides economic means to poverty-riddenRead MoreEssay On Gangs890 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 8,2017 Gangs, are they good for our community? Gangs, they’re all around us,everywhere,and anywhere. How do us americans feel about gangs, and their affects on our environment ? I’m against gangs because of their affect on our youth. It affects the youth causing distractions, peer pressure, and blocking opportunities for them. Gangs are one of the top three causes of crime in America today. And gives America’s crime system a lot of difficulty with solving the problem. Gangs are and haveRead MoreWhy Do People Join Gangs?762 Words   |  4 Pages Gang violence is a reality that many American citizens must deal with from day to day. Webster defines gangs as an â€Å"organized group of criminals†. Why do people join gangs? probably to satisfy the need of being accepted. Being accepted gives an individual a sense of identity or belonging. Many join gangs for a source of income and to provide stability. Peer pressure is another reason why individuals join gangs, especially teens and young adults. They can easily be influenced byRead MoreYouth Participation In Gangs Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipation in gangs actually decreased from 1996 to 2004, but the violence within these gangs has not. Homicides committed by youth gang members still remain as a monumental problem across the United States of America. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reported in its 2004 survey of youth gangs that there were an estimated 760,000 gang members that year. Many of the kids affiliated with gangs come from lower income, single parent homes; therefore, the youths of America often turn

Willy Loman And Modernism Analysis - 725 Words

the main character, it allows them to impress the audience and widen the boundaries of this type of art. Additionally, Arthur Miller shows the problems of those people who are not able to adapt to the constantly changing environment and live in the past. The author’s claim to the audience to live for today has a strong correlation with the core principle of modernism requiring from artists to break the outdated rules and be concentrated on the current demands of society. Additionally, Arthur Miller is trying to help the audience to keep pace with modern trends and in different spheres of life by stressing the indifference of the cruel world to their problems and inefficiency of the outdated rules and norms. People should understand that†¦show more content†¦Shelagh Delany decides to show the life of the family, where poor relationships of mother (Helen) and daughter (Jo) spoil their lives. The most challenging moment in this play is that such a situation in family lif e is common. Generation gap and differences in their attitude to life are the core factors affecting their peaceful communication. To raise the problem of a constantly changing environment, the author describes the situation, where Helen, a gipsy soul, is always moving to a new flat, her daughter Jo has no opportunity to normally study in any school for a long time (Delany 9). Consequently, Jo has no internal forces to resist and chooses to go with the stream. Although school is a very important social institution that can grant people success in their lives, Jo is ready to sacrifice her successful future just to live away from her egocentric mother. Moreover, the dramatist reveals a wide range of discriminations and prejudices existing in the real world. In her efforts to escape from her problems, Jo finds the black boyfriend who helps her forget about her poor existence and feel happiness. Jo has no prejudices concerning the color of her boyfriend’s skin because he appears to be friendlier and caring than her narcissistic mother. However, the Boy has certain concerns about the attitude of Helen to his appearance and Jo needs to persuade him that her opinion is not important for theirShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Modernism In Modern Theatre1042 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges in such a cruel world. Modernism was the philosophical movement that symbolized transformation of people’s way of thinking and allowed them to develop innovative worldview. Inspired by revolutionary concepts of this philosophical theory, artists could experiment with their masterpieces sharing their rebellious ideas with others. Artists working in this style were no longer imitators; they became the real creators and innovators. When discussing modernism, it is important to understand thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Appearance Theme By T. S. Eliot, Tennessee Williams, And Arthur Miller2539 Words   |  11 PagesSydney DeBerry Motlow English 2130 Mrs. Lockhart 20 November 2014 An Analysis of the Appearance Theme in Three Works by T. S. Eliot, Tennessee Williams, and Arthur Miller â€Å"Once you allow yourself to identify with the people in a story, then you might begin to see yourself in that story even if on the surface it s far removed from your situation. This is what I try to tell my students: this is one great thing that literature can do -- it can make us identify with situations and people far away.Read MoreFeminist Approach to Witchcraft; Case Study: Millers the Crucible6554 Words   |  27 Pagesby the [play].4 It is time to reveal the vicarious enjoyment that Miller and his critics have found in a cathartic male character who has enacted their sexual and political fantasies. The setting of The Crucible is a favoured starting point in an analysis of the play. Puritan New England of 1692 may indeed have had its parallels to McCarthys America of 1952,5 but there is more to the paranoia than xenophobia--of Natives and Communists, respectively. Implicit in Puritan theology, in Millers version

Case Study Seagrams Beverage Company - 1194 Words

Definition of Project: After careful analysis of the current situation at Seagram’s beverage company, I believe that I have found 2 areas of improvement that will greatly assist going forward in the implementation of future changes within the company. While, I greatly respect the efforts to instill corporate values company wide, a values statement without any planned implementation techniques, is not enough to change the culture, inspire, or motivate employees to change their performance or perception of the company. Scripture explains this very simply. James 2:17-18 tell us. â€Å"In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead. But someone will say, â€Å"You have faith; I have deeds.† Show me your faith without†¦show more content†¦Diagnosis of the Current Situation: With Seagram’s 3 major entities: Seagram’s, Dole, and MCA, the possibilities for expansion and growth are endless. As each company has been successful previously, eac h will need to retain a sense of it’s identity independently, in order for their profitbability to increase together. Thing of this in terms of any sports team. While ultimately it is teamwork that creates success, and versatility is coveted in players, ultimately each position has a specific assignment and must be performed. Even if one perceivably carries more of the weight than the others, they are still integral for success. However, as a business the most integral part for success is the individual employees, as nothing can be accomplished or completed without those who actually perform the work. Your values statement serves more as a mandate than a motivational tool. Having spent almost a years time, engging in numerous focus groups, retreats, reviews, and drafts, the statement tells employees what they are to value, and not they they themselves are actually valued. The statement is over 150 words in length, has 7 core values, and your employees are not mentioned. While the intention may be that the term customer or consumer is meant to represent the employee, to a new hire, an outsider, or someone

Reflection from Week Two to Eleven

Question: This assignment needs to fill up the portfolio templates for every week. and there are about 10 portfolio's and at last one final consolidated portfolio has to be submitted in a word file (consolidated portfolio should be an essay). Answer: From the portfolio of week-2, I have come to understand the underlying basics of project management. It allowed me to understand and relate the things that I do every day with the concept of the project management. The concept of the project success got clear after doing the week-2 portfolio. The difference between the practices of the project management at the present time is hugely different from each other which learned after doing the task. Through the analysis of the example of the project, success got clearer. I also learned about the connection between the project success and management. From the portfolio of week-3, I have come to know more about the project management. I did realize that the primary reason behind any project is to satisfy the client so that the organization can make the profit. Better efficiency, client satisfaction, increased reputation through client satisfaction and much more are the benefits that an organization gets through the utilization of project management. Through the example of my personal life, I have also described the connection of the underlying concept of the project management. While creating the portfolio, I also understood the definition of the system, project, and program. The project lifecycle and methodology are very crucial for any project management in order to carry out the project successfully and reach the objective. The study also allowed me to recognize the connection between the project management and continuous improvement. I also added a personal experience so that I can make others understand that I have completely understood the connection. The week-4 portfolio was about the staffs and managers that any organization hires. I was asked to provide the requirements that any good manager and staff must have. While gathering the information for carrying out the tasks I came across a lot of information about staff's requirements for being a great employee such as commitment, concentration, loyalty and much more. The project managers are needed to have a lot more quality than an ordinary staff. The leadership is one among them. To be a leader, the managers must be able to guide a team rather just giving orders. If any issue happens the manager must look into the matter rather just creating pressure on the staffs only then an energetic work environment can be created. From the portfolio of week-5 I came across the information about the influences that drives the project toward success. Few of the factors seemed confusing to me such as dividing time among the activities but after some effort, I understood that the use of the proper time division among the activities actually was one of the most significance tasks in driving the projects toward success. I also did know that the success of a project can be distinguished with proper procedures. The name of the processes was the bit confusing to me at first but after reading those processes' description, it was as clear as water to me. In the portfolio of week-6, I have done classification of the projects that assisted me to understand the factors that divide the business, developmental and technical projects from one another. While giving the description and connection of project manager with the functional manager, senior manager and line manager, I got the right idea about the organizational structure. I have utilized that knowledge for describing my career path. Before completing the project, my knowledge regarding project driven and the non-project driven organization was not that much clear. After searching the information and understanding the gathered information it became entirely clear to me. In the week-7 portfolio, I have discussed the steps of planning, confliction and work breakdown structure. While completing the portfolio, I have gathered the knowledge of the steps that is used in the planning phase which was unknown to me. Through the gathered knowledge I connected my supply chain automation project with the conventional steps. I realized that there was no flaw in my planning phase. Work breakdown structure is very crucial to any project. It divides the project into small and relatively easy aspects. In the week-8 portfolio also I have discussed the work breakdown structure. The project plan has a connection with the project charter; I realized it while doing the portfolio. Sow means settlement of work and it is used for enhancing the project planning. In the week-9 portfolio, I have discussed the continuous improvement. Through the gathered information I have perfectly established a connection between on particular thing that I do in my life and continuous improvement. At the time of creating the portfolio, I have come to know that the continuous improvement has an influence on quality. I have also studied the history of quality. In the Week-10 portfolio, I have discussed and understood about resources, the team that is associated with the project, scope creep, changes during project lifetime and much more. The scope creep is very harmful to any organization's project. In the week-11 portfolio, I have described the utilization of the agile project methodology. For that reason, I needed to get the sound understanding of the agile methodology, and I have successfully described the example.

Zara Market Segment Essay Example

Zara Market Segment Paper Founded in 1975 in Spain, the clothing company Ezra owns over 2000 stores in 88 countries. Its parent company, Inedited, one of the worlds biggest fashion retailers with eight brands and more than 6390 stores worldwide, made a net profit of over 2. 3 billion euros last year. Ezra builds its global success on speed, which allows it to deliver the new designed product to different stores around the world within fourteen days. Ezra strategically opened its stores in leading cities with high population. Obviously it is related to Saras market segment. Though Inedited designs various similar fashion clothing brands like PullBear, Shoo and Strabismus, their targeted customers and market segments are not the same, but complementary. Ezra targets its own market segment and accordingly has separate design, production and positioning strategy. Demographic segmentation plays a vital role. Saras market segment focuses on women rather than men. Specifically, its targeted customers are between 18-40 with mid-range income. Most of them are interested in fashion and hold a hectic lifestyle. Though they are fashion freaks they might not be affordable to the luxury couture and they may not focus on the quality. Based on this, what they expect particularly from the market is the fancy and trendy clothing with medium-priced and rapid replacement, which means the speed of design, producing and delivery is crucial. In order to satisfy their needs, Saras designers get their inspiration and design and then stylish clothes can be presented in every Ezra store only fourteen days later, whilst, most fashion brands sell their clothes in four seasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Market Segment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Market Segment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Market Segment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lower price, moderate quality, fast and reliable delivery, wide range of fashionable products are the competitive factors of Ezra. Such competitive advantages rely on the continuous creation and fast speed of shipping new products. To achieve these, Saras young designers design around 40000 new clothes per year and launch 10000 of them. Most new designs are the latest trend but with a lower price, which helps Ezra beat its luxury fashion brands who provide the similar design products. Thus, lower cost, fast speed and reliable delivery are all order winners.

Synagogue Essays

Synagogue Essays Synagogue Essay Synagogue Essay A synagogue will look like any other building from the outside the only sign you might get from the outside is the star of David which is called magen David in the Hebrew tongue. There may also be a sign outside stating the name of the synagogue. There are many names for a synagogue such as; shul which means school in Hebrew, bet haknesset, which means house of assembly this is only used by Sephardim, which is oriental Jews. A synagogue is primarily a place of worship but also functions as a community centre for the Jews. The building is so important that the whole Jewish community that worship there will revolve around the building. It is used as a teaching school for Jewish children where they will be taught the Hebrew alphabet, numbers of Hebrew and about their faith. This school is a Jewish equivalent to a Christian Sunday school. If you now go inside you would see that the synagogue is rectangular and although you will not realise it, but the whole synagogue is built facing Israel, if possible, Jerusalem. There will be a sink where the congregation will wash their hands and feet before praying or worshipping. You will also notice that there are separate seats. This is because in orthodox synagogues, the men sit on the ground floor and worship and the women sit in the gallery. There is a good reason for this and not because the Jews are sexist but because in Judaism, the men take on the role of worshipping and the women are expected to look after the house and the children so if people were late (the women). This may be because they had to change the baby or something like that so instead of disturbing the congregation and asking a row to stand up so she can get to her seat the mother can just slip into the gallery. The male children will stay with their mothers until they are thirteen and have had their bar mitzvah and then they will join their fathers. So you would go and sit in the appropriate section and you would notice a raised platform in the centre. This is a bimah in Hebrew and it is where the rabbi stands to deliver his sermons. Another name for a bimah is an almemar. The bimah is raised to symbolise that when the scrolls are being read from it, that the scrolls are above the congregation, this shows that the word of god contained in them and god himself is more important and higher than anybody in that congregation. It is also at the centre of the synagogue symbolising that god is at the centre of peoples lives. There will also be a cupboard or alcove called the ark, which is the most important feature of the synagogue as it is where the torah is kept, these will be in the ark and are the Jewish bible. The ark will be covered with a parachet (a curtain) you will know that this place is holy and important, as it will be beautifully decorated and it is the focal point of the whole synagogue. There will be two tables of stone bearing the Ten Commandments, usually above the ark; there will be a menorah, the seven-branched candlestick and the ner tamid, the ever-burning oil lamp. All of these are a reminder of the temple in Jerusalem, which was the first static synagogue; all that remains of this is the west wall. People will now start to arrive. If it is the Sabbath they will arrive on foot, as you are not allowed to drive on the Sabbath. People will be wearing their best clothes probably suits for men and nice clothes for women. Although you will not notice it, but they will not be carrying anything in their pockets or have any hand luggage. The service will now start. As I have already mentioned the rabbi is the spiritual leader of the synagogue but there will also be a cantor or chazan present the man who will lead the Jews in song and prayer these will both be men in an orthodox synagogue as will the rabbi be. You will also notice that there are no pictures of humans on the walls as they are forbidden and the walls will most likely be a plain colour like white for example. The men will also be wearing kippahs a kind of hat, which stands them out as one of gods people and also worn to show respect for god. The males of he congregation will wear the tallit. The tallit is a prayer shawl with six hundred and thirteen tassels to remind the wearer of the six hundred and thirteen laws found in the torah. As I have already mentioned, the ark is the sacred cupboard or alcove in the synagogue. It is the most important place because it contains the torah scrolls which is the Jewish bible. The Hebrew name for the torah scrolls is sefer torah which basically translated to a scroll. The ark will be exquisitely decorated and the curtain will most probably be velvet (the curtain is called the parochet. ) the scrolls itself are also highly decorated. They are made from a parchment an animal skin that has been stitched together to form one long scroll, on this parchment, the five books of Moses are then written going down in columns. One scroll contains two hundred and fifty columns and one scroll is an average of sixty metres long. And at each end the scroll is stitched onto the etz chaim (this is Hebrew for tree of life as the Jews regard the scroll as the most important thing in their lives. One scroll can take up to one thousand working hours to produce and must be done by a trained scribe. A mantle will also cover the scroll. The mantle is a piece of velvet, which will also have silver decorations, also, hanging around one of the etz chaim will be the yad which is Hebrew for hand. The yad is used for pointing whilst reading the torah as the scrolls are not allowed to be touched by the hand of man. This is because the scrolls are so holy that no man, even a rabbi, considers himself important enough to touch them. In the synagogue, there are a few symbolic and holy objects such as the ner tamid an ever-burning lamp which is kept going in the synagogue constantly as a reminder of the presence of god in the synagogue. There is also the menorah which is a reminder of the first temple built where it stood in that temple as a reminder of the seven days it took god to create the world. You may have drawn this conclusion yourself, but if not, then all synagogues in he world follow the same blueprint as the first temple in Jerusalem and anywhere in the synagogue you look there are reminders of this. Examples of this are objects such as the menorah the seven-branched candlestick, the tablets of stone bearing the ten commandments, the ark and the ner tamid the ever-burning lamp showing that god is always present in the synagogue. In conclusion, I know that this synagogue is an orthodox synagogue and not a reformed or liberal synagogue because, the bimah is at the centre of the synagogue symbolising that god and his words found in the torah should be held at the centre of peoples lives. Also, the men and women sit separately and the women arent taking a leading role in the actual worship itself. There would also never be a female rabbi conducting a service at an orthodox synagogue. The services coincidentally, are in about 70% Hebrew in an orthodox synagogue, which is much higher than the percentage of Hebrew, used in reform or liberal services. There is also no music played and the hymns and songs are sung without the aid or backup of music. In a liberal or reformed synagogue however things would be very different, for instance, there is quite a large chance that a female rabbi would be conducting the service, the man and women are more equal they sit together and worship together as one big mass. The bimah may be at the front which, in my opinion, gives a sense of preaching and I think Jews know their religion, they dont need to be educated about it they just want to worship god. There also may be an organ to accompany songs and hymns because music is permitted in reformed synagogues. There would also be slightly less Hebrew spoken. So this synagogue I have described to you is an orthodox synagogue. Orthodox translates to right belief and is considered to be traditional Judaism.

Organizational Innovation and Change - Critical Thinking Mod 8 - The Essay - 1

Organizational Innovation and Change - Critical Thinking Mod 8 - The Challenger and Columbia Shuttle Disasters - Essay Example Both the Challenger and Columbia shuttle disasters were a result of weak organizational cultures along with other critical factors. After the Challenger disaster of 1986, the Rogers Commission came up with a number of recommendations for NASA which included a restructuring of the management structure as well as a change in the organizational culture in order to carry out a more centralized decision making for effective safety measures. As a result of these measures and recommendations, NASA changed its organizational culture by focusing more on the implementation of safety measures and by assigning more professionals for these safety and quality assurance measures. However, the aftermath of the Columbia disaster revealed that NASA was unable to sustain these effective changes as it had actually implemented downsizing policies in response to a lack of funding. Instead, of employing specialized and trained labor from within the company for these delicate and critical safety measures, NASA instead resorted to outsourcing these responsibilities. Furthermore, the emphasis on the safety measures was reduced as the pol icies were directed towards cost reduction rather than on development and safety measures. The policies adopted relied on the past success of NASA and the problems associated with safety, rather than researched upon, were ignored. Instead of scheduling meetings for further improvements and developments, the management focused on short term operations. In order to gain competitive advantage and sustain effective changes in the organization, it is important to invest in long term opportunities and carry out long term planning. It was also observed that NASA missed a number of signals and if these would have acknowledged, the disasters of Challenger and Columbia could have been avoided (Oberg, J. 2013). NASA also faced problems in terms of its hierarchy and organizational control.

Leadership and change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership and change - Assignment Example I exhibit a high level of confidence in situations that require leadership. I have confidence in my ability to deliver exceptional results from any situation. My confidence complements my decision-making skills especially in situations that need quick and real-time decisions. I have the ability to use the available resources in any task to deliver outstanding outcomes. I show a high level of organization when accomplishing leadership roles. In all situations, I try to plan and to apply a high level of order during all tasks. When planning, I set ambitious yet achievable goals that help to create an optimal level of operation and diligence. As a leader, I display flexibility in all situations. Being flexible helps to change strategies and plans whenever unexpected problems or challenges crop up. Flexibility helps me to adapt to uncomfortable environments or situation. Being flexible is useful when using feedback and new information to improve or change processes or policies. I apply a high level of fairness and equality when handling the people I lead. I make sure that all people are treated with respect despite their roles or position. Finally, I have the ability to encourage and motivate other people to work towards a common goal. My weakness during situations of leadership is that I have poor negotiation skills. During negotiations, I usually fail to recognize some factors that have a huge bearing on the process and the final outcomes. I have problems handling presentations.

Effect Of Moisture Contents And Storage Temperature Citrus Seeds Biology Essay

Effect Of Moisture Contents And Storage Temperature Citrus Seeds Biology Essay King et al. (1981) determined that the longevity of various citrus seeds improved as the storage temperature and moisture contents of seeds were decreased. The lemon, lime and sour orange dried up to 5 % moisture contents and stored at -20 Â °C suffered no significant decline in viability within the storage period of seven months for lime, lemon and sour orange respectively. Nayer (1981) examined that seeds were extracted from Duncan grapefruit, pineapple, sweet orange, Troyer citrange and rough lemon fruits and these seeds were treated with different fungicides. These seeds were then stored moist, surface dried after 1-16 days of drying at room temperature. All four citrus cultivars showed delayed germination due to drying at different regimes for different durations. With Duncan grapefruit, seed stored moist was 80 % germination twenty days before surface dry seed and some were killed by two days drying. At the other extreme, rough lemon seed survived 16 days drying with out loss of viability and germination delay was not grater after 16 days than after 1-2 days drying. Saraswathy et al. (1997) studied three tropical fruit species believed to recalcitrant seed storage behavior, Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), rambai (Baccaurea motleyana Muell.- Arg.) and jelentik (Baccaurea polyneura Hook. f.). Their seeds showed no dormancy and they germinated more easily and more quickly. At the time of harvest, the moisture contents (fresh weight basis) were 53.54, 51.20 and 44.90 % for G. mangostana, B. motleyana and B. polyneura respectively. G. mangostana seeds lost their viability when their moisture contents fell to about 24 % while B. motleyana seeds lost their viability below 35.5 % moisture contents. However, for B. polyneura the seeds could be dried to low moisture content with high survival percentage. The viability was still high when the rates of moisture contents were reduced to 13.46 %. At this moisture content, the germination percentage was 91.76 % and it was found that the seeds survived cryopreservation with 8.3 % viability. They also vary greatly in their size. Seeds of G. mangostana are larger than Baccaurea seeds and thus, more sensitive to the desiccation tolerance. Seeds and embryonic axis structure may play a very important role in desiccation sensitivity. Fu et al. (1994) reported that the desiccation tolerance in two species with recalcitrant seeds: Clausena lansium (Lour) and Litchi chinensis (Sonn.) was studied. They resulted that the mature seeds were less sensitive to desiccation than the fully mature ones while the embryonic axis of the same stage were more tolerant of desiccation than whole seeds. Aslantus and Pirlak, (2002) reported that the germination capacity of strawberry pollen increased in low temperature. However, germination percentage of 4Â °C and fresh pollen was almost in first week. Pollens that were stored at 4 Â °C showed low 53.40 % germination percentage in early weeks but the rate of germination was further decreased quickly and up to 48 weeks the rate of germination percentage was 20.10 %. Conclusively the range of temperature and humidity are the major influencing factors in pollen behavior of different conditions. Pollens that were stored at -60Â °C showed better results and these pollens showed 60 % viability after storing for 48 weeks. The most successful factor for pollen conservation is the storage temperatures and moisture contents of material, lowering of both temperature and humidity tends to increase the period of viability. Ganeshan (1986) studied the cryopreservation of papaya pollens in liquid nitrogen (-196 Â °C) and found that the pollen cryopreserved for 485 days retained their viability and germination percentage as high as fresh pollens were germinated in vitro. Pollens stored for 300 days could effect normal fertilization, producing fruit and seed set on a par with controls, indicating no major loss of fertility. Pollen samples exhibited high tolerance to direct freezing at ultra low temperatures un-controlled thawing to ambient temperature and re-freezing back to cryogenic temperatures, when viability was determined after storage. This method of preservation would be more profitable for breeders and gene banks involved in conserving genetic recourses. Normah and Serimala (1995) reported that citrus aurantifolia seeds can be successfully cryopreserved at -196 Â °C after desiccating them to a moisture content of 12.93 % (50% viability) while seeds of C. halimii presented only 25 % viability after cryopreservation at moisture contents of 9.5 %. The Seeds of C. hystrix are highly sensitive to desiccation as they failed to germinate when the moisture contents were reduced to 27 % and thus did not survive cryopreservation. The embryonic axes of the three Citrus species gave higher percentage of survival after cryopreservation. Survival rate was 100 % in C. aurantifolia and C. halimii embryonic axes with moisture contents of 9-11 % and 16.6 % respectively. With C. hystrix axes, the highest survival rate obtained that was 60 % at a moisture content of 11.04 %. The cryopreservation methods were further employed for the embryonic axis of C. hystrix. There was no improvement in the survival percentage obtained. Khalil (1999) observed that unstratified seeds of Troyer citrange, (C. volkameriana) lime cultivars Balady and Rashidi and sour orange were extracted during January. (1) Seed fresh weight (2) Seedling emergence and vigor as affected by seed weight, seed density and soaking in IBA. The comprehensible differences were observed in seed weight and uniformity and the range of its distribution. They also determined that the large and high density seeds were associated with high rates of emergence of seedling. Radhamani et al. (1991) stated that the seed coats usually acted as a mechanical barrier for the germination of the seeds which was improved by removing it in all the seven citrus species tested namely limes, lemons, mandarins, sweet orange, sour orange and pummelos. The surface characteristics of the seed coat were examined using SEM and surface structure differed in the various species under study. A correlation between the thickness of seed coat and their rate of germination was found in these species. Chilembwe et al. (1992) reported that commercially processed seed of different citrus cultivars. The seeds were used as the effect of hydration and priming on the rate of germination. Seeds which were soaked in aerated water showed increased germination rates and emergence rates compared with that of un- soaked seeds. The soaking of seeds at 35 Â °C temperature enhanced these differences rather than at 25 Â °C. Priming seeds in solution of PEG 6,000 was not successful as germination and emergence percentage were lower than soaking in distilled water. Polat and Kaska (1992) studied the impacts of stratification at 4 Â °C for 30 days on germinations for the seeds of Loquat cultivars Gold Nugget and Tanaka. Stratification markedly increased the rate of germination percentage of seeds, resulting in 98.75 % germination. Un-stratified but chilled seeds demonstrated 68.75 % germination, while untreated and controlled seeds show 63.75 % germination. Stratified seeds germinated more rapidly than the seeds which were untreated. Kadam et al. (1994) reported that viability and rate of germination percentage of ciotrus limonia seeds were examined during the storage period for up to six weeks in the open air or in polythene bags at room temperature (90 % RH) and storage temperature 10 Â °C (45 % RH). Both were declined during the storage periods but this decrease was least for seeds stored at 10 Â °C +45 % RH. Dument and Berjak (1995) described that the recalcitrant seeds were generally larger and show much curtailed longevity even if stored hydrated. They also determined minimum water content tolerated by embryos of five recalcitrant species and their subsequent survival after cryopreservation. Roberts et al. (1999) reported that the citrus seeds have practically recalcitrant seed storage behavior, because they are highly sensitive to desiccation (cryogenic) temperature condition. Usually it was desirable for long term storage conservation of seeds. More recently, it has proved that citrus seeds have not been considered to be truly recalcitrant, as they can tolerate desiccation to some extent. However, their tolerance is limited and varies from species to species and variety to variety. Citrus seeds are some what intermediate between orthodox and recalcitrant seeds and can be named as non orthodox. Hong and Ellis (1995) stated that there are differences in seed storage behavior among species particularly within the genus. Seeds of C. Robusta and C. libercia were tested for germination following desiccation and storage for up to one year at -20Â °C with 5-13 % (robusta) or 5-14 % (liberica) moisture content. Viability was lost more quickly during storage conditions the lowest the temperature below 15 Â °C and the lowest moisture content 11.3 %. Seeds of C. liberica were more sensitive to desiccation. Only the 6 % surviving rate was obtained to desiccation with 13.5 % moisture content. It is concluded that C. libercia showed recalcitrant seed storage behavior but that C. robusta shows an intermediate seed storage behavior. Evidence is variation in seed storage behavior with in the genus Citrus and the intermediate category is discrete rather than a continuum between orthodox and recalcitrant. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Citrus Seed Germination Burger and Hackett (1982) observed that Valencia orange seeds did not germinate when the fruits were harvested during the early November, while seed from November harvested fruit stored at 3-4 Â °C for 21 days germination was 100 %. An equivalent germination response was obtained when seeds from fruits were extracted in April. They were also examined when treatment of IBA reduced about 50% germination in seeds from non cold treated fruits. Burger (1983) reported that germination of sour orange seeds air dried for more than 1 day was delayed and the rates of germination were decreased. A naphthalene-acetic acid soaked seeds reversed the effect of drying and resulted in taller seedling with stem dry weight. But stratification and a water soak did not reverse the undesirable effect of air drying. Edwards and Mumford (1983) informed that the seeds of citrus aurantium were stored in a range of different substances including fruit juices, phenols, growth regulators, and a kind of fungicides and solutions of high osmotic potential. The effects of these substances on germination at 200 Â °C and on viability of seeds stored at 40 Â °C over long periods were examined. Low temperature 4 Â °C alone was more effective and more valuable than any of the substances in preventing germination or growth in storage and had no adverse effect on germination percentage. The survival rate of imbibed seeds at 4Â °C was best in 10-2 M NAA. The germination imbibitions at 25 Â °C were incomplete with all the substances, and there was significant loss of viability. Ramos et al. (1997) reported that the immature fruits contain larger number of seeds than mature fruits. The seeds were removed from immature fruits, 10 to 12 weeks after anthesis of Citrus sunki and disinfected with 1 % NaOCl for 20 minutes before placing on Murashige and skoog medium. After 40 days at 25 Â °C with a 16-h photoperiod at 3,000 lux, showed that the highest germination percentage rates (8 %) corresponded to an NAA concentration of 0.68 mg/L. The concentration of benzyladenine in this trial was inadequate to stimulate satisfactory development of the immature seeds of cv. Sunki. Kalita et al. (2002) determined the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) gibberellic acid, IBA, IAA and NAA at different concentrations (200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm) on citrus reticulate seed germination. Plant growth regulators (PGR) treated seeds required only fewer days for germination than distilled water treated seeds (control). Treatment with 600ppm IBA recorded the shortest time (19 days) required for germination. This was statically at par with 800ppm IAA, 600 and 800ppm GA3 (21, 20 and 21 days respectively). Treatment with 800ppm NAA recorded the highest germination percentage (86.6 %) which was statistically at par with 600ppm IBA (80 %). The control treatment recorded the lowest germination percentage (33.33 %). The highest leaf number (7) was recorded upon treatment with 800ppm IBA. The control treatment recorded the lowest leaf number as compared to the PGR treated seeds. Parsad and Rekha (1991) observed that the seeds of three strains of Rangpur lime and acid lime were irradiated at the amount of 6-2KR and germination rates were compared with that of the control one. A significant decreased in germination rates were occurred with increasing the exposure of 50-60 % at the semi lethal dose level. The radiation sensitivity was of chief importance in the mutations program. Rao and Singh (1992) reported that hydration-dehydration treatments with tanic acid and benzoic acid increased the percentage of the germination in black gram and green gram, while compared with water soaked and dry seeds. Dhillion et al. (1993) examined that hybrid seeds from 6 citrus cultivars crosses, dried and sown in polythene bags filled with a mixture of farm yard manures (FYM) and sand during the month of August. Seeds of seven combinations failed to germination. The highest seed germination percentage (74.4 %) was gained with the Ludhiana selection + Lime Attari cross. Leonel et al. (1994) accounted that seeds extracted from mature and ripe fruits on 5th May, washed in running tap water and then dried under shade for a week, stored at 4-5 Â °C until 16 September. Then these seeds were soaked in water in various solutions of growth regulators for 24 hrs. The seeds were germinated at 25 Â °C under white light on filter paper moistened with distilled water. The germination was evaluated after every two days. Data was calculated and tabulated on the number of germinated seeds, germination percentage, average germination time and average rate. The differences were observed between different treatments but germination was highest (97 %) following treatments with phenylmethylaminopurine at 20mg/L. Raju and Sivaprakasam (1994) deliberated that the effects of the treatments with fungicides, bactericides, hot water on the viability of cabbage cultivars. September seeds were judged promptly after treatment and after storage under ambient condition for 3 or 6 months. Seeds treated with carbendazim at the rate of 2g/Kg, hot water at 50Â °C for 30 min or thiram at the rate of 2g/Kg had higher germination percentage (mean values for the 3 assessments of >80 %) than the control (71 %). Normah et al. (1997) observed that desiccation sensitivity of seeds of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), rambai (Baccaurea motleyana) and jelentik (Garcinia polyneura). These were known as tropical fruits species believed to have recalcitrant seed storage behavior. The seeds showed no dormancy, they germinated easily. At the time of harvesting, the moisture contents were 53.54, 51.20 and 44.90 %. The seeds of Mangosteen (G. mangostana) lost their viability when their moisture contents fell to about 24 % while B. motleyana seeds lost viability below 35.5 % moisture contents. However, for B. polyneura seeds could be dried to low moisture contents with highest survival rate. The viability was still high when the moisture contents were reduced to 13.46 %. At this moisture content, the germination percentage was 91.76 % and it was found that the seeds survived cryopreservation with 8.3 % viability. For B. polyneura axes, the los of viability when their moisture contents fell to about 36 % , while for B. polyneura axes viability was reduced to 33.67 % when the moisture is 27.30 %. So it was concluded that the seeds vary in degree of desiccation sensitivity. Dussert (1999) determined the seed desiccation sensitivity in nine species of the genus Coffea by measuring seed viability after equilibration and various saturated salt solutions. The results showed that Coffea is a suitable material for studying desiccation sensitivity. Leonel and Rodrigues (1999) reported that the citrus limonia seeds were extracted from ripe fruits, washed with tap water, air dried and then these seeds were stored at 4 Â °C for 12 days. After storage these seeds were then treated for 24 hrs with KNO3 0.1 % at the rate of different concentrations. The evaluations were observed and conducted at 5 days interval, starting 15 days after sowing. The statistical analysis showed that the growth regulator treatment did not enhance seed germination and those treatments with KNO3 at 0.1 % and 0.2 % inhibited the germination of seeds Tokeshi et al. (1999) reported that the supply of energy of seeds decreases during the germination periods. The survival percentage of the seedlings probability increases if the germination period of seeds is reduced. The potential of seedling survival is called vigor which can be determined from the speed of emergence. The effective micro organisms (EM) have plant growth regulator action like Naphthalene acetic acid. The speed of emergence was evaluated in tangerine cv. Coleoptra seeds treated with metalaxyl for 30 minute before sowing. The speed of emergence of the EM treatment was superior to the control one. The growth promoter effect of EM was best during the initial four days of emergence of the seedlings. In comparison of 40 days old seedlings, the EM treated seeds produced larger plants than that of the control treatment. Hong et al. (2000) stated that the viability of Norway maple seeds collected 21 days before mass maturity (68 % moisture content) and at mass maturity (65 % moisture contents). Their viability was reduced from 52-85 % to 7 % if dried rapidly to 4-5 % moisture contents. Effect of storage on seed moisture contents King and Roberts, (1979) stated that viability of citrus seeds is greatly affected by drying for different time periods, viability being decreased when the moisture contents were reduced to some extent. Citrus seeds have been usually classified as recalcitrant seeds as some species loss their viability when the moisture contents are reduced below 10 %. Recalcitrant seeds normally originated from certain moist areas where the seeds are not exposed to drying before germination. In their natural habitat, conditions are often favorable for instantaneous germination and the seeds do not require long term storage conservation. Richards, (1952) reported that the seeds of musk lime (C. macrocarpa) lost their viability at different storage regimes, at high temperature and at the low moisture contents in a few days. Teng and Hor, (1976) reported that the seeds of country lime (C. aurantifolia) lost their viability and moisture contents after 7 days when they were stored at 20-25Â °C. Mungomery et al. (1966) determined that the viability of citrus seeds can be maintained in storage regimes when the moisture content is high and the range of temperature is 5-10 Â °C. Barton, (1943) reported that sour orange (C. aurantium) seeds deteriorated in a short time at the moisture contents of 80 % and a temperature of 5 Â °C, but rough lemon (C. limonia) seeds were still viable at the moisture contents of 56 % and at a temperature of 5 Â °C after 500 days. The seeds of C. grandis were viable at the moisture contents below 10 % (Hanjo and Nakagawa, 1978) and the seeds of grapefruit (C. paradise) and mandarin (C. reticulate) were viable after 80 days stored at 14.1 % and 10 % moisture contents respectively at a temperature of 4.5 Â °C (Mallareddy, et al., 1977). Mumford and Grout, (1979) indicated that citrus seeds can be stored in dry condition for different time periods. Recently experiments have shown that C. limon seeds remained viable for 20 days stored at a moisture content of 1.2 % at room temperature, provided that the testas were removed from the seeds before drying. The advantages of storing dry seeds are significant in practical terms since a very little space is occupied by the dry seeds and they are easier to handle and maintain free from micro- organisms, but there is insufficient evidence to data to suggest that all citrus species can be stored in this way. Cameron and Soost, (1969) reported the fact that the seeds responded differently to dry storage when their seed coats were removed. The seed coat may be an important factor in seed preservation. It is known that the seed coat generally is one of the major and important factors that generally influenced seed germination. Citrus seed coats can be easily distinguished into three layers, the mucilage, the testa and the tegmen. The outer seed coat or testa is tough and is covered by mucilage. The tegmen is a thin and papery layer of seed. Their roles are not still well understood. Removing the testa usually accelerate the germination of the seeds. In their natural habitat, these layers are likely to protect from the dehydration until environmental conditions are favorable for better germination of citrus seeds (King and Roberts., 1979). Hortmann et al. (2001) reported that the rate of germination of the Seed is greatly influenced by many factors, which include type of substrate, environmental factors such as oxygen, water and temperature and for some plant species, light. Effect of Desiccation on Citrus Seeds Wood et al. (2000) concluded that desiccation results in the induction of dormancy rather than reducing the seed viability and showed that heat shock (4 hours at 36Â °C) followed by low temperature (26CÂ °C) could be used to break the dormancy. Wood et al. (2000) determined the effect of desiccation and temperature on germination capability of Papaya seeds. More than 50 % of freshly isolated cleaned but un-dried seeds germinated at 26 Â °C. However, desiccation to approximately 20 % relative humidity reduced the rate of germination percentage at this temperature to less than 10 %. A substantial increase in the rate of germination at alternating temperature (33/19Â °C) indicated that desiccation induces seed dormancy rather than viability loss. Doijode (1998) reported that the seeds of Kaghzi lime with 6.6 % moisture contents were packed in aluminoum foil laminated pouches under partial vacuum and then these packets were filled with nitrogen and carbon dioxide. These packet were stored at -20, 5, 15 Â °C and ambient (16-35 Â °C) temperature. There was no germination of seeds which were stored under ambient temperature after 6 months of storage while their viability was retained for 24 months in low temperature. Seed viability was initially affected due to desiccation injury. Pritchard et al. (2004) reported that the first challenge for the long term conservation of seeds of desiccation sensitive species is to determine their response to desiccation tolerance. This can be achieved either by the routine processing of seeds for long term conservation and identifying species more actively by specific, targeted screening that fail to survive or by fully characterizing the response to dehydration of individual species ( Hong and Ellis, 1996). Using these approaches, approximately 540 species with desiccation sensitive seeds have been identified (Flynn et al, 2004), although it has been estimated that this trait could be present in an approximately 8 % (20000 species) of the world flowering plants (Dickie and Pritchard, 2002). As it is unlikely that all of these species will ever be identified through experimental determination, a second approach to desiccation tolerance investigation is needed that identifies reliable and robust correlate of seed desiccation, leading to the development of a predictive frame work for seed storage responses. A number of studies have determined potential correlation of seed desiccation sensitivity, including seed mass (Hong and Ellis, 1998; Dickie and Pritchard, 2002; Pritchard et al., 2004), seed shape(Tompsett, 1984,1987; Hong and Ellis, 1997, seed moisture content at shedding (Hong and Ellis, 1998), seed germination rates, seed allocation to physical defence (Pritchard et al., 2004; Daws et al., 2005) and both gross and local scale habitate variables (Hong and Ellis, 1998; Dussert et al., 2000; Tweddle et al., 2003; Pritchard et al., 2004; Daws et al., 2005). Rate of dehydration greatly effects desiccation tolerance of recalcitrant seeds. This effect is presumably related to two different stress factors: direct mechanical or physical stress factor because of the loss of the water physiochemical damage of tissues as a result of metabolic alterations during drying. Liang and Sung (2002) determined a new theoretic approach to represent these two types of stresses and investigated how seed tissues responded differently to two stress vector, using the model of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) embryonic tissues dehydrated under various drying conditions. Cumulative desiccation stress increased sharply under slow drying conditions, which was also detrimental to embryonic tissues. This quantitative analysis of the stress time response relationship helps to understand the physiological basis for the existence of an optimal dehydration rate, with which maximum desiccation could be achieved. Hong et al. (2001) determined that storage behavior and longevity of seeds of lemon (C. limon) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) following desiccation between 14 and 4 % moisture contents. They also observed the hermetic air dry storage for up to 914 days at temperature between 15 and -20 Â °C up to 6 days in liquid nitrogen (-196 Â °C). The results conformed that both the species showed intermediate storage behavior that is between Orthodox and recalcitrant. Air dry storage environment require care to obtain maximum longevity of seeds. The seeds of sweet orange were highly sensitive to desiccation tolerance and less than 25 % of seeds were survived more than 210 days at 5 Â °C and 8.7 % moisture contents. The most advantageous air drying environment for the medium storage of the longer lived lemon seeds was 5Â °C and 7.5 % moisture contents. Fu et al. (1994) reported that desiccation tolerance of Clausena lansium (Lour.) seeds was highest at 67 days after anthesis (DAA). When they tolerated air- drying for 9 days: 74 DAA was measured as physiological maturity and their full viability was only maintained for up to 3 days of drying. Over ripened seeds (88 DAA) had the lowest desiccation tolerance. In Litchi chinesis (Sonn.) the desiccation sensitivity of seeds at 98 DAA (fully mature) was higher than that at 84 and 91 DAA (less mature). Role of Seed Drying Methods on Citrus Seed Behavior: Saipari et al. (1998) determined the effect of air and silica drying on seed germination percentage and viability, field emergence, seedling growth and water absorption patterns in citrus species. P. trifoliate was the most sensitive to seed drying while C. grandis and C. karna were fairly tolerant to seed drying. Seed viability scored on the basis of tetrazolium staining was slightly higher but paralleled the germination percentage in laboratory and seedling emergence. There have not been appropriate methods for drying of seeds. The drying of seeds has major effect on the quality of the seed. Pachy et al. (2003) designed an experiment to determine proper drying techniques in order to improve the seed quality of citrus seeds. There were three drying methods namely sun drying, 40Â °C hot air oven and using silica gel as the moisture absorbent. Initial seed moisture content were determined and recorded. Seed samples were quickly dried until it reached to the moisture contents of 20, 15, 10, and 5 % respectively. Standard germination tests, vigor tests by accelerated aging technique, viability tests by tetrazolium chloride test were used. It was observed that drying with silica gel result 57 % germination rate, 92 % in viability test and 38 % in vigor test. Hot air oven drying method provided 47 % in germination, 90 % in viability test and 29 % in vigor test. The result of two previous methods can maintain the viability of citrus seeds but can not spr out may be due to chemical inhabitant of seeds. While the sun drying method result poorest quality of the seeds which were 30 % in germination rate, 85 % in viability and 19 % in seed vigor. The use of sun drying system has provided highest temperature which generally makes them unsuitable for small scale drying harvested seed crops. Silica gel can reduce the relative humidity below 40 % and then removed the seed moisture contents. Therefore, drying with seed moisture absorbent was the best result and sun drying was the poorest method of drying seeds. Sangakara, (1995) reported that the drying citrus seeds under shade and ambient temperatures maintained germ- inability to greater extent than when the seeds are desiccated in ovens. Silica gel drying method was first used by the Pritchard et al. (2004) for safe and effective dehydration of seeds. Six or seven aliquots of seeds were placed in polythene bags with an equal mass of freshly regenerated silica gel desiccants. The bags were then placed in an incubator at 26 Â °C and periodic reweighing of the seeds, separated from the silica gel, allowed target masses and hence the moisture contents to be obtained. Maximum drying times varied from 6 d, for Sclerocarya birrea, to 35 d for Syzygium cumini depended on the time required for the seeds to reach3-7 % moisture contents. Edwards and Mumford (1985) dried up the seeds of sour orange in streams of air and some of its constituents gasses which were O2, N2 and CO2 at 25-40 Â °C. The seeds lost their moisture contents at different rates in the different gasses at the same temperature and showed marked variation in the rates of germination. The intact seeds dried at a rate of 30 % moisture loss per 100 hrs in a rapid air current showed the best viability. Chemical composition of Citrus seed Prill et al. (1949) determined the effect of chemical compounds and organic acids on the germination of the seeds and growth of seedlings. Evenari, (1949) mentioned that fruit juice of C. aurantium, C. limon, C. maxima and C. nobilis contain a substance that inhibit the germination of the seed of citrus. The effect of these acids and chemical compounds on the germination of citrus seeds and the effect of a sudden change in their concentrations on the physiology of seed has not been explored. Cohen, (1956) and Monselise (1959) provided the evidence for the existence of the inhibitors in the seed coat of citrus seeds. They showed that when the seeds of citrus were soaked in water, the resulting solutions inhibited the germination of weed seeds and suggested that this effect might be caused by the presence of inhibitor substances in the seed coat of citrus such as phenolic contents. Van buren, (1970) reported that the chemical compounds like protein, fats, sugars, phenolics, enzymes are widely distributed in plant, particularly in fruits. The amount of these compounds per fruit usually decreased as the size of the fruit increased. Among these compounds phenolics are the major inhibitors for the germination of seeds after ABA. Ulrich, (1970) reported that when citrus seeds are removed from the fruits there was a remarkable change in their environment because the pulp and juice of the fruit are very rich in organic acids and chemical compounds like protein, fats, sugar and lipids. These compounds are usually dissolved in the water either free or in combination with salts, esters or glycosides. In lemon juice the citric acid is 60-90 % of the total soluble sugars (Wolf, 1958). Devlin, (1975) determined the effect of dehydration on the seed coat that has not been still investigated, and it is possible that the viability of the seed is reduced during drying due to change in the nature of the seed coat which in turn effect the embry

Essay Comparing Louise of Story of an Hour and Nora of A Dolls House

Comparing Louise of The Story of an Hour and Nora of A Doll's House    In Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour," the main character is a woman who has been controlled and conformed to the norms of society. Louise Mallard has apparently given her entire life to assuring her husband's happiness while forfeiting her own. This truth is also apparent in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House. In this story, Nora Helmer has also given her life to a man who has very little concern for her feelings or beliefs. Both of these characters live very lonely lives, and both have a desire to find out who they really are and also what they are capable of becoming. Although the characters of Nora and Louise are very much alike in many ways, their personalities differ greatly when it comes to making decisions regarding the direction of their lives.    Both Nora and Louise's lives have been shaped and molded to conform to their husbands' wishes. At the time these stories took place, it was basically unheard of for women to assert their beliefs or to act upon their ideas. As a result, Louise was forced to succumb to the role of an obedient wife, in order to abide by the norms of society. This is apparent because of the way she reacts when she learns of a false rumor regarding her husband's sudden death. While in deep thought, and staring out the window by herself, she has a sudden realization of complete happiness and total freedom. As she tries hard to repress these fresh, new feelings, she speaks the words, "free, free, free" (23)! These words help the audience to understand the repression she has been forced to withstand for many years. She feels sudden exhilaration as she reflects on what her new life will bring her. She speaks of the treatmen... ...ay.   â€Å"Freedom and Desire:   The Theme of Awakening in the Works of Kate Chopin.†Ã‚   Critical Interpretations:   Kate Chopin.   Ed. Harold Blooming.   New York:   Chelsea House, 1989.   14-32.   Chopin, Kate. "The Story of an Hour." Introduction to Literature: Reading, Analyzing, and Writing.2nd ed. Ed. Dorothy U. Seyler and Richard A. Wilan. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1990. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll's House. Introduction to Literature: Reading, Analyzing, and Writing.2nd ed. Ed. Dorothy   U. Seyler and Richard A. Wilan. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1990. Salomà ©, Lou. Ibsen's Heroines. Ed. and trans. Siegfried Mandel. Redding Ridge: Black Swan, 1985. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism,and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.        

Child Labor Essay

The Industrial Revolution set off an assortment of new improvements that were open to disasters. To begin, there was an increase of food supply. Not much of money was spent on food as it normally would have been, it was spent on manufactured goods too. Now that there was a demand for manufactured goods, there was a demand for workers also. Better agricultural technology left many farmers without jobs. That was not much of a problem because these workers could take the jobs in factories to operate the new machines that were previously invented. These former farming families had to move to cities, while contributing to the new urbanization occurring. Except, when the families moved, the parents were not the only ones put to work in factories, children were too. To avoid a life of poverty, children had to work in sweatshops, mines, or in the same factories as the rest of their family. The events that led up to child labor did not intend to turn into anything vicious. However, as time went on, everything about child labor turned nonsensical. Money was not distributed as it should have been. Working out of home came with a dozen disadvantages. These elements both fabricated unpleasant consequences and insufficient laws. Despite few arguments in support of child labor, it was ultimately unreasonable due to the unfair exchange of work and money, repulsive working conditions, and harmful effects it had in the long run, which eventually resulted in laws against this atrocity. Children working started off by doing minor chores to help out around the house. Parents needed the assistance, and it was not as if the chores were anything outrageous, so there were not many complaints. 2 In fact, most adults generally agreed upon children working. 3 Once children were of age, which was usually around five years old, they did whatever they could. 4 The young kids aided in family cottage industries or working in the fields. As they got older, their tasks alternated. 5 6 According to Alex Fyfe, who wrote an article on child labor, some of these more difficult tasks for teenagers included â€Å"learning trading techniques that could be beneficial in the future. 7 These techniques could involve the basics on how to trade so that he or she was enhancing more than the other person. The children could carry these methods to further generations to ensure families received enough money. Eventually, instead of just working at home, children began going to work in factories, mines, or sweatshops in order to get paid. 8 This settlement was an important economic gain families had to have.

The Social Political, Economic And Cultural Impact Of The...

The apartheid policy describes the system of racial discrimination and white political domination adopted by the South African National Party after its rise to power. This essay will critically examine the historical significance of the Nationalist Party’s influence during its governance from 1948 to 1994. Additionally, this paper will analyse the social, political, economic and cultural impact of the Nationalist apartheid legislation. Furthermore, it will examine several major resistance campaigns and significant historical figures that gave rise to the cessation of the apartheid legislation under new democratic rule, including the effects of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960 and the transformative force of anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela. Since the colonisation of South Africa by the Dutch in the 17th, century, the consolidation of the influence of the whites remained a prominent element of Afrikaner culture until its formal cessation in 1994 (United States Department of State nd). The election of the ‘purified’ National Party in 1948 distinguished the enforcement of aggressive policies in an effort to maintain white supremacy in South Africa. This system of institutionalised racial segregation was labelled ‘apartheid’, an Afrikaans word meaning â€Å"the state of being apart† (BlackPast nd). The apartheid system created a society of enormous oppression for non-white South Africans during the Nationalist Party’s era of sovereignty. 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